Berger and Luckman
- Human environment is cooperatively created by men, not a single person
- ‘Human’ cannot live by him/herself
- Human existence takes place in a context of order, direction, and stability
- Social order is not innate in human; it’s a human production
- Social order shapes individual ways of thinking
- Social order is an ongoing human production
- Humans are originally open to any kinds of ideas, but they are given closed ideas, or set of convenient ideas by social order
- These set of ideas (habituated activities) have been accumulated in the course of history
- Institutions are where humans repeat habitual activities
- By passing down the typifications of habitualized actions through institutions, those ideas thicken and harden, and become reality
Time and history is necessary to look at when understanding social constructed ideas in culture because such ideas have been passed down from former generations and the various values have been added to the ideas over time.
Vygotsky
- Culture (historical changes in society) contributes to developing person’s nature
- Tools (including signs) helps humans develop consciousness
- Sign systems have been influenced by changes in society over time (history)
- “the mechanism of individual developmental change is rooted in society and culture”
Pierce
I couldn’t understand what he meant in his theory of signs. Therefore, I took a look at the website which briefly describes his theory (I’m not sure the validity…). What I understood from the information was that signs are not only the representation of ideas. I’ll deepen my understanding in class and add more thoughts here after class.
1 comment:
Vygotsky's understanding of learning is that what is internalized as "knowledge" appears first in the social plane (the pointing example). In other words, learning appears first on the historical plane as well, in which inherited social practices and cultural values and such construct the meaning of signs. And there is the connection to Peirce, which we will attempt to close today. All your thinking/perceiving is accomplished with linguistic and non-linguistic signs which we must learn and relearn over time (our personal path through "history" that we often call "biography").
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